Used for corrosive media or cryogenic temperatures.

The following steps are typically followed for process piping hydraulics sizing and pressure rating:

Use industry standards or company criteria to establish upper and lower limits.

This approach treats fittings as an equivalent length of straight pipe that would yield the same pressure drop. The total equivalent length ( ) is substituted directly into the Darcy-Weisbach equation. 4. Pipe Pressure Rating and Wall Thickness

Re=ρvDμcap R e equals the fraction with numerator rho v cap D and denominator mu end-fraction = Fluid density = Mean fluid velocity = Inside pipe diameter = Dynamic viscosity Laminar Flow (

Additional thickness (corrosion allowance + thread/groove depth) Pressure-Temperature Ratings (ASME B16.5)

tnominal≥tm1−Tolerancet sub n o m i n a l end-sub is greater than or equal to the fraction with numerator t sub m and denominator 1 minus Tolerance end-fraction Flange Pressure-Temperature Ratings

This is the primary equation for calculating friction losses in a pipe. Friction loss is the energy (and thus pressure) lost as fluid overcomes resistance from pipe walls, viscosity, and changes in direction. This pressure drop dictates the required pump horsepower and operating costs. The longer the pipe and the smaller its diameter, the greater the pressure drop for a given flow rate.

Piping hydraulics focuses on fluid behavior within piping systems, specifically focusing on flow rate, velocity, and pressure drop. Proper sizing ensures the system meets process demands without excessive energy consumption or damaging pipe vibrations. Key Hydraulic Parameters

The piping system must withstand hydrostatic test pressures, which are typically 1.5 times the design pressure.