Aliarcobacter butzleri is an emerging foodborne and zoonotic pathogen, yet many of its encoded proteins remain functionally uncharacterized. This lack of annotation limits understanding of its molecular mechanisms and hampers the identification of novel therapeutic targets. In this study, we systematically performed functional annotation of essential hypothetical proteins from the BNI-3166 strain using an integrative-in-silico approach to uncover potential drug and vaccine candidates. 2,367 protein-coding sequences were retrieved from the RefSeq database and were identified 356 as hypothetical proteins. Using BLASTp, we screened these HPs against the Database of Essential Genes and the human proteome to identify essential non-homologous proteins, resulting in 20 ENH candidates. Functional annotation was performed using several domain-based databases, including Pfam, InterPro, SMART, and SUPERFAMILY. Subsequently, physicochemical properties were analyzed and predicted subcellular localization using PSORTb and CELLO. To assess druggability, the ChEMBL database was used. Virulence factors using VFDB, VICMpred, and VirulentPred 2.0 were also predicted. Gene Ontology annotations were generated via ARGOT2.5. Furthermore, we explored protein-protein interactions using STRING and predicted tertiary structures with AlphaFold3. Moreover, Ligand binding pockets were predicted using PrankWeb, and antigenicity of vaccine candidates was assessed using VaxiJen v2.0. We identified 20 essential non-homologous hypothetical proteins, of which 10 were confidently annotated based on conserved domain analysis. These proteins were classified as enzymes, binding proteins, transporters, regulatory proteins, and potential virulence factors. Among them, eight exhibited characteristics of promising drug targets, while two showed potential as vaccine candidates based on subcellular localization. Druggability analysis revealed that nine proteins had no similarity to known drug targets, suggesting novel therapeutic potential. Predicted 3D structures generated using AlphaFold3 yielded pTM scores ranging from 0.44 to 0.92, indicating acceptable to high modeling confidence. Ligand binding site analysis confirmed druggability in six candidates, and antigenicity screening identified one protein as a potential vaccine target. This study provides a computational framework for identifying functionally important proteins in A. butzleri BNI-3166 and highlights novel therapeutic candidates for experimental validation, offering new directions in drug and vaccine development against this underexplored pathogen.
Key words: Aliarcobacter butzleri, Drug Target Identification, Functional Annotation, Hypothetical Proteins, In Silico Analysis
Received: 08.07.2025; Accepted: 01.09.2025; Early view: 24.09.2025 Published: 10.01.2026
DOI: 10.62063/ecb-66
Citation: Paul, S., Barua, S., & Barua, J.D. (2026). In-silico functional annotation and structural characterization of hypothetical proteins from Aliarcobacter butzleri BNI-3166: Insights into novel virulence and drug targets. The European chemistry and biotechnology journal, 5, 22-39. https://doi.org/10.62063/ecb-66
The copyrights of the studies published in The European Chemistry and Biotechnology Journal (EUCHEMBIOJ) belong to their authors
This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International (CC BY-NC 4.0)(https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/).
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Deepika Padukone continues to set the gold standard for cinematic grace. Whether she is portraying a warrior queen or a modern professional, her statuesque presence and expressive eyes bring a level of sophistication that few can match. Her fitness and fashion choices, often highlighted by outlets like FITPASS , showcase a blend of athletic discipline and ethereal beauty. 2. The Versatile Powerhouse: Alia Bhatt
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The rise of South Indian cinema (Tollywood, Kollywood, Mollywood, and Sandalwood) has created a massive wave of pan-Indian stardom. Actresses from these industries command immense digital engagement, with fans seeking high-quality coverage of their regional and national projects. 3. Over-The-Top (OTT) Newcomers
and Saiee Manjrekar represent the new wave of actresses who use personal social media to drop professional-grade content. Janhvi’s "Life Lately" dumps offer a cinematic peek into her world of glamour and travel, while Saiee experiments with ranges from regal black lehengas to sheer, soft ensembles for FACE Magazine , showing a spectrum of moods within a single shoot.
Content creators and webmasters look for these specific search patterns to build highly targeted landing pages. By addressing niche archival interests and satisfying the technical requirement for high-definition media, blogs can capture a dedicated demographic of pop-culture historians, retro aesthetic lovers, and media collectors who value preservation and visual clarity over highly compressed, low-quality modern reposts. indian actress debonairblog extra quality
: Widely recognized for her "extra quality" performances and global brand presence, she has headlined major hits and represented India at the Cannes Film Festival. Profiles of her work can be found on Priyanka Chopra Jonas
This public link is valid for 7 days and shares a thread, including any personal information you added. This link or copies made by others cannot be deleted. If you share with third parties, their policies apply. Can’t copy the link right now. Try again later. The rise of South Indian cinema (Tollywood, Kollywood,
Deepika Padukone continues to set the gold standard for cinematic grace. Whether she is portraying a warrior queen or a modern professional, her statuesque presence and expressive eyes bring a level of sophistication that few can match. Her fitness and fashion choices, often highlighted by outlets like FITPASS , showcase a blend of athletic discipline and ethereal beauty. 2. The Versatile Powerhouse: Alia Bhatt
If "extra quality" refers to the ability to disappear into a role, Alia Bhatt is the undisputed queen. From her debut to her recent international ventures, she has evolved from a "pretty face" into a versatile performer who can carry a film entirely on her shoulders, proving that true glamour lies in talent. 3. The Modern Glamour: Kiara Advani By addressing niche archival interests and satisfying the
The demand for high-resolution, premium-grade archival media of classic Indian cinema has surged due to several critical factors:
The "extra quality" in a debonair Indian actress isn't just about talent; it’s a holistic approach to their brand.
The Indian film industry in 2026 is not just about acting talent but also about delivering unparalleled visual content. Through platforms like , the appreciation for these actresses’ style has become more refined. From Kiara’s chic jumpsuit moments to Tripti’s cinematic art aesthetics, these stars continue to redefine the "extra quality" in fashion photography.
The Indian film industry, comprising Bollywood and various vibrant regional sectors like Tollywood, Kollywood, and Mollywood, is home to some of the most talented and charismatic actresses in the world. Their influence extends beyond the silver screen, shaping fashion trends, social discourse, and digital landscapes. In the era of digital media, the quest for high-quality content—often termed "extra quality"—has led fans and enthusiasts to specialized platforms. One such name that frequently surfaces in this niche is .