// Test Case 1: Small numbers A = 8'd12; B = 8'd10; #10 $display("Test 1: %d * %d = %d (Expected 120)", A, B, Product);

Testbench runs directed checks and randomized tests, prints mismatches, and finishes.

Ensure the code handles signed numbers ( $signed ) if necessary.

integer i, j;

Booth multiplication reduces the number of partial products by encoding overlapping groups of bits. For an 8-bit multiplier, radix-4 (modified Booth) reduces 8 partial products to 4 or 5.

// Step 3: final addition assign P = sum_vec + (carry_vec << 1);

initial begin #10 rst_n = 0; #5 rst_n = 1; multiplicand = 8'b00001111; // 15 multiplier = 8'b00001010; // 10 start = 1; #10 start = 0; #200; if (product == 150) $display("Test passed!"); else $display("Test failed: %d", product); end

git clone https://github.com/ppannuto/digital-design-examples.git

// The '*' operator is synthesizable! // The output width must be A_width + B_width (8+8=16) to avoid overflow. assign Product = A * B;

Provide a implementation for signed arithmetic.

When you browse GitHub for , you will typically encounter three styles: